6th Global Congress on Spine and Spinal Disorders October 31-01, 2022 Rome, Italy

Spinal biologics are devices that are used extensively for bone fusion surgery, medulla spinal is injury, and chronic disk disease. The treatment could embody the utilization of allografts, auto grafts, mesenchymal stem cells, demineralized bone matrix, bone morphogenetic protein, and ceramics. These materials assist the body' natural healing processes and are accustomed heal spine pathological or degenerated discs. the consequences are perceived through increased cellular activity, growth, and differentiation Spine biologics discover software in backbone surgical operation as lieu allografts in addition to a guide for bones in and across the spinal region. They also can be used remedy the spinal accidents or trauma or degenerated discs. Currently, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP's) are biologic substances which are predominantly utilized in spinal surgical operation. Bone graft substitutes declare for round 85% percentage of the full backbone biologics market.

Spinal surgery is a high-hazard strength with a regularly expanding patient volume. Results are to a great extent good, yet neurologic harm, the most serious complication, may leave major sequelae, some of which can be life-threatening. Neurologic might be classified according to onset (per-versus postoperative) and surgical site (cervical versus thoracolumbar). The spine specialist is a piece of a multidisciplinary group, with the radiologist and electro physiologist, which can recognize risk factors preoperatively and analyse neurologic complications per-or postoperatively.

Mr. I, age 31, has no significant past medical history and awoke with neck pain 2 hours before coming to the emergency department. He described his pain as sharp, rated 8 to 9 out of a possible 10 in intensity, and localizing to his neck and upper back without extremity radiation. During initial triage, some subtle weakness of the lower extremities was noted, but Mr. I remained ambulatory. While awaiting further assessment, he remarked that his legs became numb and his leg motor strength weaker. Mr. I was sent for an emergent cervicothoracic MRI and findings showed a large dorsal epidural hematoma with severe spinal cord compression from C5 to T2.

The rehabilitation process following a spinal cord injury typically begins in the acute care setting. Occupational therapy plays an important role in the management of SCI. Recent studies emphasize the importance of early occupational therapy, started immediately after the client is stable.

• Functional independence
• Assistive devices
• Gait training

Spine Surgery  is a type of surgery on the bones of your spine (backbone). This type of surgery uses smaller incisions than standard surgery. This often causes less harm to nearby muscles and other tissues. It can lead to less pain and faster recovery after surgery.

• Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion (LLIF)
• Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (MIS TLIF)
• Percutaneous instrumentation

Spine surgeries can be performed through anterior, posterior, lateral, or combined anterior–posterior approaches .Anterior approach is used for exposure of ventral spine and spinal cord; anterior approaches for thoracic and lumbar spine may require invasion of thoracic and abdominal cavities.

• Laminectomy
• Discectomy
• Spinal Fusion
• Vertebroplasty/ Kyphoplasty

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most accurate imaging test for spinal cord disorders. MRI shows the spinal cord, as well as abnormalities in the soft tissues around the cord (such as abscesses, hematomas, tumors, and ruptured disks) and in bone (such as tumors, fractures, and cervical spondylosis).

• Causes of spinal cord disorders include injuries, infections, a blocked blood supply, and compression by a fractured bone or a tumor.
• Typically, muscles are weak or paralyzed, sensation is abnormal or lost, and controlling bladder and bowel function may be difficult.

Spinal stenosis is the narrowing of the spinal canal. That’s the hollow channel running from the highest neck bone in your body to your sacrum. The spinal column cradles your spinal cord, the thin tube of nerve tissue that connects your brain to the rest of your body’s nerves.

Navigation assisted spine surgery is a group of technologies, which allow the surgeon to access real-time, three dimensional and virtual images of the spine in relation to the surgical instruments intraoperatively.

Robotic spine surgery, or robot-assisted spine surgery, describes the use of robotic technology to assist with guidance during spinal neurosurgery. Traditionally, neurosurgeons have placed instrumentation in the spine “freehand,” relying on their knowledge of anatomy and on X-rays.

Scoliosis, or a curvature of the spine, is a condition that affects almost 7 million people in the U.S. While it does occur in adults, it is most commonly seen in children, especially girls, during periods of growth. Often times the Spine in a person with scoliosis looks like an “S” or a “C” instead of a straight line.

An abnormal alignment or curve in the bony vertebral column that forms the spine. Symptoms may include a visible curve in the spine, feeling off balance, and pain Physical therapies can help reorient the spine and slow down the advancement of the curve. It involves spine centre, spine surgery, and neurosurgery

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine uses radio waves, a magnetic field and a computer. It creates clear, detailed pictures of the spine and surrounding tissues. MRI does not use radiation and may require an injection of gadolinium contrast material.

Spinal Pathology can be anything from a degenerative spine or scoliosis to more acute complex trauma. There are many different levels of spinal pathology, along with many symptoms, ranging from tingling or numbness to acute pain.we are generally talking about the following conditions Cauda Equina Syndrome (CES), Spinal Fractures (osteoporotic & traumatic), Spinal Malignancy, Spinal Infection.

Vertebral compression fractures usually are caused by osteoporosis, and range from mild to severe. More severe fractures can cause significant pain, leading to inability to perform activities of daily living, and life-threatening decline in the elderly patient who already has decreased reserves. Elderly patients with osteoporotic compression fractures are often treated with TLSO bracing and rehabilitation. To facilitate progress in the rehabilitation program, some patients can be treated in a less restrictive corset or abdominal binder if their pain is well controlled.

Spasticity is the uncontrolled tightening or contracting of the muscles that is common in individuals with spinal cord injuries.  Spinal Pain Pressure on one or several nerves that contribute to the sciatic nerve can cause pain, burning, tingling and numbness that radiates from the buttock into the leg and sometimes into the foot. Usually one side (left or right) is affected. This pain is often described as sharp and electric shock-like. Spinal infections include spinal epidural abscess, which is an infection that develops in the space around the dura (the tissue that surrounds the spinal cord and nerve root).

Spinal cord injuries can result from damage to the vertebrae, ligaments or disks of the spinal column or to the spinal cord itself. A traumatic spinal cord injury can stem from a sudden, traumatic blow to your spine that fractures, dislocates, crushes or compresses one or more of your vertebrae. There are three types of complete spinal cord injuries:

• Tetraplegia.
• Paraplegia.
• Triplegia.

Tumours that begin in the spine are called primary spinal tumour. Spinal metastases form when cancer spreads to the spine from another area in the body (metastasizes). Cancer cells can reach the spine by extending from a nearby area or traveling through the bloodstream. Tumour in the spine can cause pain. In metastasis, cancer cells break away from the original (primary) tumour, travel through the blood or lymph system, and form a new tumour in other organs or tissues of the body. The new, metastatic tumour is the same type of cancer as the primary tumour.

The primary goal of motion preservation surgery in the spine is to maintain normal or near normal motion in an attempt to prevent adverse outcomes commonly seen with conventional spinal fusion, most notably the development of adjacent-level degenerative disc disease. The goal of motion preservation surgery is to closely replicate normal spinal biomechanics, the result of which should, be the limitation of complications associated with conventional fusion. The rationale behind motion preservation is similar to that used in hip and knee arthroplasty

Degenerative disk disease occurs when the cushioning in your spine begins to wear away. Spinal disks are rubbery cushions between your vertebrae (bones in your spinal column). They act as shock absorbers and help you move, bend and twist comfortably. The condition is most common in older adults. Everyone's spinal disks degenerate over time and are a normal part of aging. After age 40, most people experience some spinal degeneration. The right treatment can lead to pain relief and increased mobility.

Neuromuscular disorders are a general term that encompasses a large number of diseases with different presentations. The terms 'muscle disease', ‘neuromuscular conditions' and ‘neuromuscular disorders' all describe a group of conditions which affect either the muscles, those in the arms and legs or heart and lungs, or the nerves which control the muscles. Instead of a straight line down the middle of the back, a child with neuromuscular scoliosis has a spine that looks more like a letter “C.” The spine also may be rotated or twisted, pulling the ribs along with it to form a multidimensional curve.

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis is a coronal plane spinal deformity which most commonly presents in adolescent girls from ages 10 to 18. Diagnosis is made with full-length standing PA and lateral spine radiographs.

Treatment can be observation, bracing, or surgical management depending on the skeletal maturity of the patient, magnitude of deformity, and curve progression. . By far the most common type of scoliosis in the adolescent period is one in which the cause is not known and is called idiopathic or adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS)